The Mughal School of Painting formed the spinal cord of the various Schools of Indian miniature art. Which one of the following painting styles was not affected by Mughal painting?

UPSC CSE Pre. 1995

A. Pahari
B. Rajasthani
C. Kangra
D. Kalighata

Answer: Kalighata

Option d is the correct answer. Kalighata painting was not affected by Mughal painting because it developed in a different part of India and at a different time. Mughal painting was at its peak in the 16th and 17 th centuries, while Kalighata painting did not emerge until the 19th century. However, Pahari, Rajasthani, and Kangra schools of painting were significantly influenced by Mughal painting. Mughal techniques, such as naturalistic portrayal, delicate detailing, and vibrant color palettes, had a profound impact on these regional styles. This influence can be observed in their depiction of subjects, use of perspectives, and incorporation of Mughal artistic elements, leading to the enrichment and evolution of these indigenous schools of Indian miniature art. Important Tips Kalighat Painting: Kalighat painting, originating in 19th-century Kolkata, was nurtured by patuas near the Kalighat Kali Temple. It showcased mythological narratives, Hindu deities, and contemporary society with bold outlines and vibrant colors. Notably, the art featured religious themes like Kali, Shiva, and Durga, reflecting Hindu traditions. In a unique fusion, it also depicted British colonial influences, urban life, and evolving gender roles. The movement's power lay in its subversive portrayal of societal changes, criticizing norms through BabuBibi figures. The Kalighat style, captured on hand-made paper, remains an intriguing blend of tradition and modernity. Solution (d) Exp) Option d is the correct answer. The Ellora Caves are a group of 34 major rock-cut caves associated with three major Indian religions, Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism, and more than 25 to 30 small excavations. The caves are divided into three groups according to the religion they represent: the Buddhist group (caves 1-12), the Hindu group (caves 13-29), and the Jain group (caves 30-34). Each group contains temples, monasteries, and sculptures that reflect the beliefs and practices of their respective faiths. The Ellora Caves are a remarkable example of religious harmony and tolerance in ancient India, as they were built in close proximity and over a long period of time by different communities.

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