U.P.P.C.S. Pre 1997

Sultanate Imperial Policy

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Consider the following statements: **Assertion (A):** Alauddin's Deccan expeditions were financial ventures. **Reason (R):** He wanted to annex the Deccan States. Code:

Solution & Analysis

Answer: C

Concept Alauddin Khalji was a pragmatic militarist. His policy toward the Deccan was distinct from his policy in North India; he preferred loot and tribute over direct administrative control.

Explanation Historical analysis by Satish Chandra confirms that Alauddin’s expeditions, led by Malik Kafur, were intended to acquire the immense wealth of the South to fund his army and defend against Mongols. He forced Southern kings to pay annual tribute but did not annex their lands.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Assertion (A) is true. The expeditions were primarily wealth-driven (gold, elephants, and jewels from Devagiri, Warangal, etc.).
Logic 2: Reason (R) is false. Alauddin realized that direct annexation of the South was geographically and logistically impossible from Delhi at the time. It was the later Tughlaqs who attempted annexation.

Active Recall

Question

How did Alauddin treat the defeated kings of the Deccan?

Answer

He restored them to their thrones as 'Rai Rayans' or vassals, provided they accepted his suzerainty and paid regular tribute.

Core Insight

Alauddin's Deccan policy was a 'circle of kings' approach, ensuring fiscal gain without the administrative burden of direct rule.