UPPCS (Pre) 2017

Mughal Agrarian Administration

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Land revenue systems in the Deccan during Akbar:

Solution & Analysis

Answer: B

Concept While Akbar’s standardized 'Zabt' system (based on area measurement) was the norm in North India, local traditions in newly conquered territories like the Deccan often necessitated different methods of assessment.

Explanation In the Deccan, during Akbar's reign, the prevailing basis of land revenue was the Number of Plows. This was a simpler, older method of assessment where the state’s share was calculated based on the number of plows a farmer used, representing his cultivation capacity, rather than a scientific measurement of every bigha.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: In the North, Akbar introduced the Dahsala/Zabt system (measurement-based). However, in the Deccan, this transition was slower and relied on the 'Plow' count initially.
Logic 2: Other systems like Kankut (estimate based on standing crop) and Gallabakshi (crop sharing) were used elsewhere but the specific characteristic of Deccan assessment under Akbar was this plow-based calculation.

Active Recall

Question

Who later reformed the Deccan revenue system based on the Northern model?

Answer

Murshid Quli Khan, under the instructions of Aurangzeb, eventually introduced systematic measurement-based assessment to the Deccan.

Core Insight

The use of the 'Number of Plows' system shows that the Mughal state was pragmatic, often maintaining local customs to ensure social and economic stability in newly annexed provinces.