Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation
Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). **Assertion (A):** Turkish invasions on India were successful. **Reason (R):** There was no political unity in North India. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Solution & Analysis
Answer: A
Concept
The 11th and 12th centuries were marked by the transition from regional Rajput dominance to Turkish rule. The success of the Turks was as much a political failure of Indian states as it was a military success of the invaders.Explanation
Historical texts by Satish Chandra highlight that North India was divided among the Chahamanas, Gahadavalas, and Chalukyas. These kingdoms often fought each other rather than forming a collective defense against Mahmud of Ghazni or Muhammad Ghori.Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Assertion (A) is true. Starting with the Ghorid campaigns, the Turks established a lasting presence culminating in the Delhi Sultanate.
Logic 2: Reason (R) is true and explains (A). The absence of a centralized authority meant that the Turks could defeat Indian kingdoms piecemeal, as there was no coordinated resistance.