M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019

Rigvedic Society and Economy

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

The Rigvedic 'Pani' belong to which class of citizens?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: D

Concept The Rig Veda mentions various social groups outside the mainstream Aryan ritual fold, often defined by their economic activities and wealth.

Explanation The Panis were a wealthy merchant class mentioned in the Rig Veda. They were known for their cattle wealth and their involvement in trade and usury (lending money for interest).

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Panis are often depicted as the enemies of the Aryans, primarily because they were seen as miserly and non-sacrificing (not performing Vedic rituals).
Logic 2: They were enterprising traders who frequently travelled to distant lands for international commerce.

Active Recall

Question

Why were the Panis viewed negatively in Rigvedic hymns?

Answer

They were seen as wealthy cattle-owners who refused to give gifts to the priests or perform sacrifices, leading to frequent conflicts over resources.

Core Insight

The presence of Panis suggests that even in a predominantly pastoral society, a specialized merchant class was active in long-distance trade.