UPSC CSE Prelims 2019

Schools of Buddhism

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Consider the following: 1. Deification of the Buddha. 2. Treading the path of Bodhisattvas. 3. Image worship and rituals. Which of the above is/are the feature/ features of Mahayana Buddhism?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: D

Concept Mahayana (The Greater Vehicle) introduced a more devotional and accessible form of Buddhism compared to the earlier Hinayana school.

Explanation During the Kanishka era, the transformation of Buddha from a teacher to a God (Deification) became prominent. This period saw the rise of the Bodhisattva ideal and the creation of Buddha idols (Gandhara/Mathura art).

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: All three features are correct. Mahayana promotes the 'Bodhisattva' who delays nirvana to save others.
Logic 2: Unlike Hinayana, which focused on symbols (Stupas/Footprints), Mahayana adopted elaborate rituals and anthropomorphic image worship.

Active Recall

Question

How did the role of the practitioner change in Mahayana Buddhism?

Answer

In Hinayana, the goal was to become an Arhat (individual liberation), whereas in Mahayana, the goal shifted to becoming a Bodhisattva for universal liberation.

Core Insight

The deification of Buddha made Buddhism a religion of mass appeal, allowing it to integrate with local devotional practices across Asia.