Option b is the correct answer. Qandahar is a city in southern Afghanistan that has been contested by various powers throughout history. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was a bone of contention between the Mughal Empire and the Safavid Empire of Iran. The Mughals controlled Qandahar for most of the 16th century, but it was captured by the Safavids in 1558. The Mughals tried to retake Qandahar several times, but they were unsuccessful. In 1622, the Mughal Emperor Jahangir finally captured Qandahar, but it was recaptured by the Safavids in 1638. Important Tips Importance of Qandahar for Mughals and Shah of Iran: Strategic defense for Kabul, with a strong fort and water supply. Key crossroads between Kabul and Herat, dominating southern Afghanistan. Crucial in Kabul-Ghazni-Qandahar defensive line. Facilitated control over Afghan and Baluch tribes. Vital trade hub after Akbar's expansion into Sindh and Baluchistan. Trade route to Multan, bypassing disruptions in Iran, boosted commerce. Akbar's alternative pilgrimage and trade route highlighted its significance.