UPSC CSE Pre 1993

Cave Architecture Geography

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

The rock-cut caves in western India are located in-

Solution & Analysis

Answer: A

Concept Western India, particularly the Sahyadri range, is the primary hub for Indian rock-cut architecture due to the suitability of the basaltic terrain.

Explanation The most prominent cluster in Western India includes Nasik (Pandavleni), Ellora, and Ajanta. While sites like Bhaja and Pitalkhora are also in Western India, the combination in Option A represents the most famous and culturally significant spanning Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain traditions.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Nasik features 24 Buddhist caves (1st BC - 3rd CE).
Logic 2: Ajanta is exclusively Buddhist and famous for murals.
Logic 3: Ellora is a multi-faith complex (6th - 10th CE) featuring the monolithic Kailasa temple.

Active Recall

Question

Why did rock-cut architecture flourish specifically in Western India?

Answer

The presence of hard basaltic rock in the Western Ghats provided a stable medium for carving deep, durable caves.

Core Insight

The concentration of caves in Western India reflects the intersection of ancient trade routes and the patronage of dynasties like the Satavahanas and Vakatakas.