63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017

Social History of Mauryas

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

The division of Mauryan society into seven classes is particularly mentioned in:

Solution & Analysis

Answer: D

Concept Foreign observers often interpreted Indian social structures through their own frameworks, leading to unique classifications distinct from the Sanskrit texts.

Explanation Megasthenes in his book 'Indica' famously claimed that the Indian population was divided into seven classes: Philosophers, Farmers, Herdsmen, Artisans, Soldiers, Overseers, and Councilors.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Megasthenes likely confused 'caste' (Varna/Jati) with 'profession' or 'economic status'.
Logic 2: Kautilya (Option A) adheres to the traditional four-fold Varna system, making Megasthenes' account a unique outsider's perspective.

Active Recall

Question

Who were the 'Overseers' mentioned by Megasthenes?

Answer

They were the royal spies or secret agents (Episkopoi) responsible for reporting the conduct of people and officials to the King.

Core Insight

The 'Seven Classes' theory highlights how an outsider misinterpreted the functional occupational groups of India as a rigid social hierarchy.