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U.P.P.C.S. Mains 2009

Ancient Indian Sculpture

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Sarnath Buddha image of Bhumisparsha Mudra belongs to-

Solution & Analysis

Answer: D

Concept The Gupta period (4th-6th centuries CE) is considered the 'Golden Age' of Indian art, characterized by the refinement of spiritual expression in stone.

Explanation The iconic Sarnath Buddha seated in Bhumisparsha Mudra (earth-touching gesture) is carved from Chunar sandstone. It displays the classic Gupta traits: a serene facial expression, thin diaphanous drapery, and a beautifully decorated halo (prabhamandala).

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Option D is correct. While the Kushana period (C) laid the foundation for Buddha images, it was the Sarnath school of the Gupta era that perfected the meditative and tranquil style of the Bhumisparsha gesture.
Logic 2: This mudra symbolizes the Buddha calling the earth to witness his enlightenment, a theme heavily emphasized in the evolved Mahayana art of the Guptas.

Active Recall

Question

How does Gupta Buddhist art differ from Kushana art?

Answer

Gupta art is more refined and spiritual, featuring delicate features and transparent clothing, compared to the bulkier and more robust Kushana style.

Core Insight

The Sarnath Buddha image represents the transition of Buddhist art from mere representation to a profound visualization of deep internal peace (Shanti).

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