UPSC CSE Prelims 2004

Medieval Revenue Hierarchy

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Supreme rural officials of land revenue in Sultanate period

Solution & Analysis

Answer: A

Concept While the Sultanate introduced Persian administrative layers, the village level remained under the control of local traditional elites who were incorporated into the state machinery.

Explanation Satish Chandra notes that at the village level, the 'Chaudhary' or 'Muqaddam' were the primary intermediaries responsible for tax collection.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: A 'Chaudhary' was generally a Hindu local chief or head of a group of villages (Pargana level) who assisted the state in revenue collection.
Logic 2: 'Patwari' was the village accountant, 'Rawat' was a local military title, and 'Malik' was a high-ranking noble title at the court.

Active Recall

Question

Why did the Sultans allow local 'Chaudharys' to remain in power?

Answer

The central government lacked the manpower to manage millions of villages directly and relied on these traditional elites for stable tax collection.

Core Insight

The rural elite (Khuts, Muqaddams, Chaudharys) formed the 'pivot' of the Sultanate's financial survival.