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UPSC CSE Prelims 1994

Buddhist Iconography

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Name the 'Mudra' which is represented by the Gandharan Buddha image of Sarnath first Sermon.

Solution & Analysis

Answer: C

Concept The Dharmachakra Mudra is the gesture of 'Teaching' or 'Turning the Wheel of Law'. It is specifically associated with the Buddha's first sermon delivered to his five disciples at Sarnath.

Explanation Iconographic records show that in this mudra, the thumb and index finger of both hands touch to form a circle, representing the wheel of Dharma. This symbolic gesture was a hallmark of the Gandhara and Sarnath schools of art during the 2nd century CE.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Option C is correct as the 'Turning of the Wheel' (Dharmachakra-pravartana) is the defining event of the Sarnath sermon.
Logic 2: Abhaya Mudra (A) represents protection and fearlessness. Dhyana Mudra (B) signifies deep meditation. Bhumisparsha Mudra (D) signifies the witness of the Earth at the time of enlightenment.

Active Recall

Question

What does the 'wheel' symbolize in the Dharmachakra Mudra?

Answer

The wheel symbolizes the continuous flow and movement of the Buddha's teachings which lead to liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

Core Insight

While the Gandhara school introduced the anthropomorphic image of Buddha, the Sarnath school refined the Dharmachakra Mudra to its highest artistic elegance during the Gupta period.

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