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45th BPSC (Pre) 2001

Evolution of Buddhist Doctrine

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Gautama Buddha was elevated to the position of God during the period of-

Solution & Analysis

Answer: B

Concept The transformation of Buddhism from an ethical philosophy to a devotional religion occurred with the rise of the Mahayana sect.

Explanation Under the patronage of the Kushan Emperor Kanishka, the Fourth Buddhist Council was held, which formalized the Mahayana school. This school introduced the worship of Buddha as a deity (Bhagavan) and the concept of Bodhisattvas.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: During Ashoka's time (Option A), Buddhism was primarily 'Theravada' or 'Hinayana', focusing on Buddha as a human teacher and using symbols (stupa, footprints) rather than idols.
Logic 2: Kanishka's reign saw the flourishing of the Gandhara and Mathura schools of art, which created the first anthropomorphic images of Buddha for worship.

Active Recall

Question

What was the main difference between Hinayana and Mahayana regarding the Buddha's nature?

Answer

Hinayana viewed Buddha as a historical human teacher who attained enlightenment, while Mahayana viewed him as a transcendental god-like figure who could be worshipped for salvation.

Core Insight

The deification of Buddha under Kanishka was a strategic shift that allowed Buddhism to compete with the rising devotional (Bhakti) trends in Hinduism.

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