UPSC CSE Pre 1999

Mughal Military Administration

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Consider the following statements: **Assertion (A):** During the time of Akbar, for every ten cavalrymen, the mansabdars had to maintain twenty horses. **Reason (R):** Horses had to be rested while on March and replacements were necessary in times of war.

Solution & Analysis

Answer: A

Concept The Mughal military's efficiency depended on its mobility. To ensure that the cavalry remained effective over long distances, the state enforced strict rules regarding spare livestock.

Explanation Under the Mansabdari system, Akbar introduced a rule where for every 10 cavalrymen, a Mansabdar had to maintain 20 horses (the 2:1 ratio). This was essential because horses needed rest during long marches to prevent exhaustion, and additional horses were needed as immediate replacements for those killed or wounded in battle.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1 (Assertion): True. The 'Dah-Bisti' (Ten-Twenty) rule was a foundational logistical requirement to maintain army readiness.
Logic 2 (Reason): True and explains (A). The physical limitations of horses in the Indian climate and the high intensity of Mughal warfare made spare mounts a necessity, not a luxury.

Active Recall

Question

What happened if a Mansabdar failed to maintain the required horses?

Answer

His salary would be deducted, or his rank (Sawar) could be downgraded by the Emperor during the periodic inspections.

Core Insight

The 2:1 horse ratio highlights the 'scientific' approach the Mughals took toward military logistics to dominate the Indian plains.