Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation
What is/are correct in reference to Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves? 1. It has both natural and artificial caves. 2. Udayagiri has 18 and Khandagiri has 15 caves. 3. Khandagiri caves are famous for Hathigumpha inscription. Code:
Solution & Analysis
Answer: C
Concept
Rock-cut architecture in ancient India often served as 'monastic retreats' (Viharas) for Jain and Buddhist monks, featuring sophisticated carving and historical records.Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: The complex features both natural and man-made (rock-cut) caves used by Jain ascetics.
Statement 2 is correct: Udayagiri ('Sunrise Hill') contains 18 caves, while Khandagiri contains 15 caves.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The Hathigumpha inscription is located in the Udayagiri caves, not Khandagiri. It is carved in Brahmi script and details King Kharavela's life.Logical Breakup
Logic 1: These caves were commissioned primarily during the reign of the Kalinga king Kharavela (1st-2nd Century BCE).
Logic 2: Famous caves include Rani Gumpha (double-storied) and Ganesh Gumpha in Udayagiri, while Khandagiri features the Barabhuji and Trushula Gumphas.
Logic 3: The carvings depict Jain Tirthankaras, Sasana Devis, and scenes from daily life.