CDS 2023 (I)

Bhakti Tradition Categories

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Which one of the following pairs denoting various forms of 'Bhakti' is NOT correctly matched?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: C

Concept This question tests basic terminology used in the study of the medieval Bhakti movement in India.

Explanation Historical records from the 6th-9th centuries in Tamil Nadu show that the Alvars (literally 'those immersed in God') were strictly Vaishnavites, while the Nayanars (literally 'leaders') were Shaivites.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Option C is the 'NOT correctly matched' pair. Alvars were devotees of Lord Vishnu, not Shakti (the Goddess).
Logic 2: Option A and B correctly define Saguna and Nirguna. Option D correctly identifies Nayanars as devotees of Shiva.

Active Recall

Question

What is the collective scripture of the Alvars?

Answer

The Nalayira Divyaprabandham, which is a collection of 4,000 hymns in Tamil.

Core Insight

The Alvars and Nayanars represent the first major wave of Bhakti that sought to overcome the influence of Buddhism and Jainism in South India through emotional theism.