What is the 'Brahmagupta formula' in geometry?

It provides the area of a cyclic quadrilateral given its four sides, a pioneering achievement in mathematics.

Scientific Progress in Ancient India | UPSC CSE (2012 PYQ)

ID: ART_MIS_2012_17 Ref: The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus by Brajendranath Seal

With reference to the scientific progress of ancient India, which of the statements given below are correct?
1. Different kinds of specialized surgical instruments were in common use by 1st century AD.
2. Transplant of internal organs in the human body had begun by the beginning of 3rd century AD.
3. The concept of sine of an angle was known in 5th century AD.
4. The concept of cyclic quadrilaterals was known in 7th century AD.

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Correct Option: C

Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Ancient Indians used surgical instruments by the 1st century AD, knew sine values by the 5th century, and understood cyclic quadrilaterals by the 7th century.