39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994

Ancient Land Grants

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Which ruling dynasty donated maximum villages to temples and Brahmins?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: A

Concept Land grants (Agraharas) were used by ancient Indian rulers as a tool for religious patronage and to expand agricultural cultivation into unmapped territories.

Explanation The Gupta Dynasty holds the record for the maximum number of village donations to temples and Brahmins. These grants were officially recorded on copper plates and stone pillars, specifying the boundaries and tax-free status.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Known as Agraharas or Brahmadeyas, these villages were exempted from all state taxes and royal interference.
Logic 2: The purpose was two-fold: achieving spiritual merit ('Punya') and establishing a loyal educated class in rural areas to oversee local administration.
Logic 3: While Palas and Rashtrakutas (Options B and C) also gave grants, the scale and institutionalization reached their zenith under the Guptas.

Active Recall

Question

What were tax-free land grants to Brahmins called?

Answer

They were primarily called Agraharas in North India.

Core Insight

These donations eventually led to the emergence of a class of landed intermediaries, which is often cited as the root of Indian feudalism.