Uttarakhand PCS Prelims 2021

Mauryan Fiscal Policy

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

In Mauryan period 'Pranayam' was:

Solution & Analysis

Answer: A

Concept Kautilya provided specific provisions for the state to augment its treasury during unforeseen national emergencies (war, drought, etc.).

Explanation In the Arthashastra, Pranaya (or Pranayam) is described as an emergency levy or 'gift of affection' that the king could demand from subjects once during a major crisis.

Logical Breakup
Emergency Tax (A): It was not a regular land tax (Bhaga) but an extraordinary measure.
Logic: Kautilya justified it by arguing that the king must protect the state at any cost, even if it meant taking up to one-fourth or one-third of the surplus of wealthy subjects.

Active Recall

Question

How did Pranayam differ from 'Bali'?

Answer

Bali was a religious tribute/tax, while Pranayam was a specific one-time financial demand to meet emergency state needs like war.

Core Insight

The concept of Pranayam shows the 'Realpolitik' of the Mauryan state, where economic policy was strictly subordinated to the survival of the political order.