39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994

Economy of Medieval South India

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

What was the chief characteristic of the financial system of Vijayanagara Empire?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: B

Concept Despite being a major trading power with dozens of seaports, the internal stability of the Vijayanagara Empire rested on its ability to tax its highly productive agricultural heartland.

Explanation Land Revenue was the chief characteristic and mainstay of the Vijayanagara financial system. Managed by the Athavane department, the land was meticulously categorized into wet, dry, orchard, and woods. The tax usually ranged from one-sixth to one-fourth of the total agricultural output.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: While seaport income (Option C) was vast due to spice and horse trade, it was land revenue that funded the daily administration and the massive provincial armies.
Logic 2: The system was highly organized, with specific rates for different types of land, ensuring that the burden was distributed based on the land's productive capacity.

Active Recall

Question

What was the 'Athavane'?

Answer

It was the specialized department of the Vijayanagara government that handled all matters related to land revenue assessment and collection.

Core Insight

The complexity of the Vijayanagara land revenue system proves that they had a sophisticated bureaucracy capable of detailed surveying centuries before colonial methods.