CDS 2022 (I)

Medieval Social Reformers

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Who among the following was the founder of the Virashaiva Movement in Karnataka?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: A

Concept The Virashaiva (Lingayat) movement was a radical social and spiritual uprising in 12th-century Karnataka that prioritized direct devotion over ritual hierarchy.

Explanation Basavanna (a minister in the Kalachuri court) founded this movement. He championed the equality of all human beings, rejected the caste system, and composed 'Vachanas' (prose-poems) in Kannada.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Option A is correct. Basavanna is the primary figure associated with the establishment of the Lingayat tradition.
Logic 2: Appar, Sambandar, and Sundarar (B, C, D) were early Tamil Nayanar saints (6th-8th century) who were part of a different Shaivite wave in South India.

Active Recall

Question

What was the 'Anubhava Mantapa'?

Answer

The 'Hall of Experience' established by Basavanna, which served as one of the world's first parliaments for spiritual and social discussion.

Core Insight

Basavanna's genius was in linking manual labor (Kayaka) with spiritual liberation, making the daily life of a commoner as sacred as a priest's ritual.