UPSC CSE Pre 2023

Buddhist Architecture

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

With reference to ancient India, consider the following statements: 1. The concept of Stupa is Buddhist in origin. 2. Stupa was generally a repository of relics. 3. Stupa was a votive and commemorative structure in Buddhist tradition. How many of the statements given above are correct?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: B

Concept The Stupa is a fundamental architectural form in Buddhism, representing the enlightened mind and serving as a sacred memorial.

Explanation Historical texts indicate that the 'Stupa' (meaning heap) originated from pre-Buddhist burial mounds (Chaityas). While Buddhism popularized and refined the structure, its origin is older. Functionally, they hold relics (remains of Buddha or saints) and serve as votive offerings or commemorations of significant life events in the Buddhist tradition.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Statement 1 is incorrect because the stupa concept predates Buddhism, originating as burial mounds for sramanas.
Logic 2: Statement 2 is correct as they typically house physical remains or objects associated with the Buddha.
Logic 3: Statement 3 is correct because stupas were built as acts of devotion (votive) and to mark historical sites of spiritual importance.

Active Recall

Question

How did the architectural function of the Stupa change over time?

Answer

It evolved from a simple earthen burial mound into a sophisticated symbolic monument used for circumambulation and meditation.

Core Insight

While synonymous with Buddhism today, the Stupa is an adaptation of an older indigenous Indian funerary tradition.