UPSC CDS 2014 (I)

Buddhist Councils

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

The Fourth Buddhist Council was held in Kashmir under the leadership of-

Solution & Analysis

Answer: D

Concept Royal patronage was essential for convening general councils to codify the Dhamma and resolve sectarian disputes.

Explanation The Fourth Council took place at Kundalvana (Kashmir) in the 1st century CE under the Kushan King Kanishka. It was presided over by Vasumitra with Ashvaghosha as vice-president.

Logical Breakup
Kanishka (D): The correct patron. This council saw the formal division of Buddhism into Mahayana and Hinayana.
Ashoka (B): Patronized the 3rd Council at Pataliputra.

Active Recall

Question

What was the main outcome of the 4th Council?

Answer

The compilation of the 'Mahavibhasha' (encyclopedia of Buddhist philosophy) and the formal rise of Mahayana Buddhism.

Core Insight

Kanishka's patronage of the 4th Council facilitated the spread of Buddhism along the Silk Road into Central Asia and China.