R.A.S. /R.T.S. (Pre) 2016

Historical Geography of Ancient India

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

In which of the following texts the list of the sixteen great states (Shodasha Mahajanapadas) of ancient India occur? 1. Arthashastra 2. Anguttara Nikaya 3. Digha Nikaya 4. Bhagavati Sutra

Solution & Analysis

Answer: A

Concept The 6th century BCE marked the 'second urbanization' in India, characterized by the emergence of 16 powerful territorial states known as Mahajanapadas.

Explanation Two primary ancient sources provide a list of 16 states: 1. Anguttara Nikaya (Buddhist Sutta Pitaka) 2. Bhagavati Sutra (Jain Viyaha-pannatti)

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Option 2 and 4 are correct. While the lists in these two texts differ slightly in names, both agree on the number 16.
Logic 2: The Arthashastra (Option 1) is an administrative manual and doesn't provide this list. The Digha Nikaya (Option 3) mentions only 12.

Active Recall

Question

Which Mahajanapada eventually rose to supreme power?

Answer

Magadha, which became the center of the first pan-Indian empires like the Maurya Empire.

Core Insight

The dual mention in both Jain and Buddhist canons confirms the standard political reality of the 'Sixteen Great States' during the Buddha's era.