39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994

Mughal Economic Reforms

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Zabti system was introduced by-

Solution & Analysis

Answer: D

Concept Before Akbar, revenue was often assessed arbitrarily, leading to corruption and peasant distress. The Zabti system was the first major 'scientific' attempt to fix taxes based on physical measurement and historical data.

Explanation Akbar introduced the Zabti system (also called the Dahsala system) around 1580–82. Devised by his finance minister Raja Todar Mal, it involved measuring the land and calculating the state's share based on the average yield and prices of crops over the previous ten years.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: This system eliminated the need for annual assessments, providing stability to both the peasant and the imperial treasury.
Logic 2: It categorized land into fertility levels like Polaj (regularly cultivated) and Parati (fallow), ensuring the tax was fair to the soil's capacity.

Active Recall

Question

What was the 'Dahsala' part of the Zabti system?

Answer

It was the method of calculating the average produce and prices of the last ten (dah) years to determine the fixed tax rate.

Core Insight

The Zabti system turned the Mughal state into a data-driven bureaucracy, making it one of the most stable revenue-collecting machines in the world.