UPSC CSE Pre 2013

Buddhist Institutional Architecture

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called Chaityas, while the others are called Viharas. What is the difference between the two?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: B

Concept Buddhist rock-cut complexes were designed to serve the spiritual and physical needs of the monk community (Sangha).

Explanation A 'Chaitya' is a rectangular prayer hall with a vaulted roof and a stupa at the far end, intended for worship and congregation. A 'Vihara' is a residential monastery consisting of a central hall with small cells around it where monks lived and rested.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: The primary functional difference is worship (Chaitya) versus residence (Vihara).
Logic 2: While they are often adjacent in complexes like Ajanta, their architectural layouts reflect these distinct purposes.

Active Recall

Question

What is typically found at the center of a Chaitya hall?

Answer

A votive stupa.

Core Insight

The development of Chaityas and Viharas reflects the transition of Buddhism into a settled monastic religion.