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R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992

Buddhist Monasticism

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

The most ancient monastery in India is-

Solution & Analysis

Answer: A

Concept India has a long tradition of Buddhist 'Viharas' (monasteries), spanning from early rock-cut dwellings to massive residential universities (Mahaviharas).

Explanation Nalanda is world-renowned as the most famous ancient 'Mahavihara' (university-monastery). While its peak was during the Gupta and Pala periods (5th-12th CE), its roots in Buddhist tradition are much older. However, strictly in terms of architectural antiquity, the rock-cut caves of Bhaja in Maharashtra date back to the 2nd century BCE, making them older than the structural ruins of Nalanda.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: In the context of the provided answer key, Nalanda is highlighted as the primary ancient institutional monastery.
Logic 2: If comparing purely by date, Bhaja is earlier (2nd BCE), but Nalanda is the most significant in terms of its historical and global intellectual impact.

Active Recall

Question

Which ruler first provided significant patronage to Nalanda?

Answer

The Gupta Emperor Kumaragupta I is credited with the early foundation and patronage of Nalanda.

Core Insight

The shift from the small, secluded caves of Bhaja to the massive structural campus of Nalanda reflects the institutionalization of Buddhism in India.

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