UPSC CSE Pre 1995

Indian Chronology

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Match list-I with list-II and select the correct answer: | List-I (Eras) | List-II (Reckoned from) | | :--- | :--- | | A. Vikrama era | 1. 3102 BCE | | B. Saka era | 2. 320 CE | | C. Gupta era | 3. 78 CE | | D. Kali era | 4. 58 BCE |

Solution & Analysis

Answer: D

Concept Historical timelines in India are measured using various eras founded by different rulers or based on cosmological cycles.

Explanation
Vikrama era: Founded in 58 BCE to commemorate King Vikramaditya's victory over the Sakas.
Saka era: Founded in 78 CE, likely by Kanishka; it is the basis of the Indian national calendar.
Gupta era: Established in 320 CE by Chandragupta I upon assuming the title Maharajadhiraja.
Kali era: A cosmological era believed to have started in 3102 BCE.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: A matches with 4 (58 BCE).
Logic 2: B matches with 3 (78 CE).
Logic 3: C matches with 2 (320 CE).
Logic 4: D matches with 1 (3102 BCE).

Active Recall

Question

Which era is used as the Indian National Calendar?

Answer

The Saka era, starting from 78 CE, is the basis for the official Indian national calendar.

Core Insight

The coexistence of multiple eras highlights the political and cultural diversity of ancient India, where different regions and dynasties tracked time according to their own milestones.