U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2013

The Bhakti Movement

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Who among the following was not an 'Alvar Saint'?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: B

Concept The Bhakti movement in South India (6th-9th century) was led by two groups of saints: the Alvars (devotees of Vishnu) and the Nayanars (devotees of Shiva).

Explanation Tirugyan (or Sambandar) is one of the 63 Nayanars, while Poigai, Pudam, and Thirumangai are among the 12 Alvars whose hymns are in the Divya Prabandha.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Tirugyan (Sambandar) was a prominent Saiva saint of the 7th century, known for his hymns in the 'Tirumurai'.
Logic 2: Poigai, Pudam, and Thirumangai were Alvars who composed hymns dedicated to Lord Vishnu and his avatars.

Active Recall

Question

What is the consolidated volume of Alvar hymns called?

Answer

The Divya Prabandha, which is considered the 'Tamil Veda' by devotees.

Core Insight

The Alvars and Nayanars were instrumental in democratizing religion, as they came from diverse social backgrounds, including lower castes and women.