UPSC CSE Pre 1995

Social History of Language

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

In Sanskrit plays written during the Gupta period, women and Sudras speak:

Solution & Analysis

Answer: B

Concept Sanskrit drama reflected the social stratification and linguistic diversity of the time by assigning different languages/dialects based on character status.

Explanation In classical Sanskrit plays (e.g., Kalidasa's *Abhigyanashakuntalam*), men of high status speak Sanskrit, while women and Sudras (lower-class characters) typically speak Prakrit.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: This linguistic division highlighted the contrast between the 'refined' (Sanskrit) and the 'common' or 'rustic' (Prakrit) segments of society.
Logic 2: Prakrit was a derivative of Sanskrit that was more natural and widely understood by the masses.
Logic 3: Pali was primarily a liturgical language for Buddhism, and Sauraseni was a specific dialect of Prakrit used in some plays, but 'Prakrit' is the broad correct category.

Active Recall

Question

Which famous playwrights used this dual-language system?

Answer

Kalidasa, Bhasa, Shudraka, and Vishakhadatta all employed this system in their Sanskrit plays.

Core Insight

The use of Prakrit for specific social groups in plays serves as archaeological evidence for the diglossia (dual-language use) present in ancient Indian society.