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U.P.P.C.S. Mains 2012

Intellectual History of the Delhi Sultanate

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

The most learned ruler of the Delhi sultanate who was well versed in various branches of learning including Astronomy, Mathematics and Medicine was

Solution & Analysis

Answer: C

Concept Muhammad Bin Tughluq is often remembered for his failed projects, but he was arguably the most intellectually gifted monarch of the Sultanate, possessing a polymathic range of knowledge.

Explanation Satish Chandra and contemporary chroniclers like Barani highlight MBT's proficiency in Persian and Arabic, his grasp of logic, Greek philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and physical sciences.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: MBT's education went far beyond traditional theology; he was a rationalist who enjoyed debating with scholars and philosophers.
Logic 2: His knowledge of medicine allowed him to treat patients personally, and his interest in astronomy led to significant patronage of the sciences in his court.

Active Recall

Question

How did MBT's learning affect his governance?

Answer

His rationalist approach often put him at odds with the orthodox Ulema, as he preferred logical reasoning over traditional religious precedents.

Core Insight

Despite his academic brilliance, MBT is a classic example of a ruler whose theoretical idealism often failed to translate into practical administrative success.

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