UPSC CDS 2014 (I)

Second Urbanization

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Which one of the following statements about ancient Indian Mahajanapadas is correct?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: D

Concept The 6th century BCE witnessed the 'Second Urbanization' with the rise of 16 great territorial states (Mahajanapadas).

Explanation The Buddhist text Anguttara Nikaya and the Jaina text Bhagavati Sutra provide slightly different lists, but both agree on the number Sixteen.

Logical Breakup
Option A: Incorrect. Most were monarchies; only a few like Vajji and Malla were oligarchies (Gana-Sanghas).
Option B: Incorrect. They were spread from Gandhara (Northwest) to Assaka (South/Deccan).
Option C: Incorrect. Permanent standing armies were a key feature of the Mahajanapadas (e.g., Magadha's massive elephant core).

Active Recall

Question

Which two texts are the primary sources for the list of 16 Mahajanapadas?

Answer

The Anguttara Nikaya (Buddhist) and the Bhagavati Sutra (Jaina).

Core Insight

The rise of Mahajanapadas signals the shift from tribal identity (Jana) to territorial identity (Janapada) in Indian political history.