Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation
With reference to the scientific progress of ancient India, which of the statements given below are correct? 1. Different kinds of specialized surgical instruments were in common use by 1st century AD. 2. Transplant of internal organs in the human body had begun by the beginning of 3rd century AD. 3. The concept of sine of an angle was known in 5th century AD. 4. The concept of cyclic quadrilaterals was known in 7th century AD. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Solution & Analysis
Answer: C
Concept
Ancient Indian scholars made significant contributions to medicine (Ayurveda) and mathematics, often preceding similar discoveries in the West by several centuries.Explanation
Sushruta Samhita describes over 120 surgical instruments. Aryabhatiya (5th c) contains trigonometric tables, and Brahmagupta (7th c) defined properties of cyclic quadrilaterals.Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Statement 1 is correct. Sushruta (circa 6th c BCE - 1st c CE) is the father of surgery and detailed numerous specialized tools.
Logic 2: Statement 2 is incorrect. While plastic surgery (rhinoplasty) was known, complex internal organ transplants are a modern medical achievement.
Logic 3: Statement 3 is correct. Aryabhatta (476-550 CE) provided the 'jya' (sine) values for calculations.
Logic 4: Statement 4 is correct. Brahmagupta (7th century) provided the formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral.