UPSC CSE Pre 2000

Rise of the Maratha Peshwas

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Who among the following streamlined the Maratha administration after Shambhaji?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: B

Concept After the execution of Sambhaji, the Maratha state faced an existential crisis due to internal civil wars and Mughal pressure. The administrative and political stability that followed was largely the work of the first hereditary Peshwa.

Explanation Balaji Vishwanath, the 6th Peshwa, is often called the 'Second Founder of the Maratha State.' He helped Chhatrapati Shahu win the civil war against Tarabai and streamlined the administration by creating a powerful confederacy and securing the right to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi from Mughal territories.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: While Rajaram and Tarabai led the resistance against Aurangzeb, it was Balaji Vishwanath who institutionalized the power of the Peshwa to bring long-term order to the administration.
Logic 2: He shifted the Maratha focus from mere survival to imperial expansion, setting the stage for the era of Maratha dominance across India.

Active Recall

Question

Why is Balaji Vishwanath called the 'Second Founder'?

Answer

Because he rescued the state from internal division and established the financial and administrative structures that allowed the Marathas to expand into an empire.

Core Insight

The rise of Balaji Vishwanath marked the shift from the 'King's Rule' to the 'Peshwa's Rule' in Maratha history.