UPSC CSE Prelims 1995

Chola Sculpture & Art

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Bronze icons of Nataraja cast during the Chola period invariably show the deity with:

Solution & Analysis

Answer: C

Concept Chola bronzes are world-renowned for their artistic perfection. The Nataraja (Lord of the Dance) is the most iconic form, symbolizing the cosmic cycle of creation and destruction.

Explanation Standard art history texts state that Chola Natarajas are portrayed with four hands: carrying the Damru (creation), the Agni (destruction), showing the Abhaya Mudra (protection), and pointing to the raised foot (liberation).

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: The four hands allow for a balance of the five cosmic acts (*Panchakritya*).
Logic 2: The sculpture is also distinguished by the *Prabhamandala* (halo of fire) and the dwarf Apasmara (symbolizing ignorance) beneath the right foot.

Active Recall

Question

What does the 'Apasmara' dwarf represent in the Nataraja icon?

Answer

It represents spiritual ignorance and ego, which Shiva suppresses during his dance of enlightenment.

Core Insight

The Nataraja icon is a masterpiece of fluid motion captured in static bronze, representing the integration of science, religion, and art.