UPSC CSE Prelims 2020

Medieval Indian Economy

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Which of the following phrases defines the nature of the 'Hundi' generally referred to in the sources of the post-Harsha period?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: C

Concept Pre-modern banking and trade relied on indigenous credit instruments to facilitate long-distance commerce without the physical transfer of large amounts of gold or silver.

Explanation Historical texts on Indian commerce define 'Hundi' as an unconditional order in writing made by a person directing another to pay a certain sum of money to a person named in the order.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: A Hundi functioned as a 'Bill of Exchange'. It allowed merchants to deposit money in one city and receive it in another, reducing the risk of robbery on trade routes.
Logic 2: It often included an element of insurance (bima) and was a key part of the 'Sarraf' (money changer) system in Medieval India.

Active Recall

Question

How did the Hundi system support long-distance trade?

Answer

It acted as a safe, portable credit note that eliminated the need for carrying bullion, thus facilitating trade across diverse political territories.

Core Insight

The Hundi reflects the sophistication of the Indian mercantile class and their ability to create an informal banking network that predated modern financial systems.