UPSC CSE Prelims 1993

Jain Epistemology

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

In Jain Religion, which word is used for 'Complete Intellect'?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: C

Concept Kaivalya (or Kevala Jnana) is the state of absolute knowledge or omniscience in Jainism. It is the natural quality of the soul that becomes manifest once all obscuring karmic particles are removed.

Explanation According to Jaina epistemology, a 'Kevalin' is one who has attained this supreme knowledge, which is independent of the senses and the mind, perceiving all things in all their aspects simultaneously.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Option C is correct as Kaivalya specifically refers to the infinite knowledge of the liberated soul.
Logic 2: Jin (A) means 'Conqueror' (of the senses). Ratna (B) refers to the 'Three Jewels' (Tri-ratna). Nirvana (D) refers to the final liberation/death of a Kevalin.

Active Recall

Question

How does a soul achieve Kaivalya?

Answer

By following the three jewels (Right Faith, Knowledge, and Conduct) to stop the influx of new karma and exhaust existing karma through penance.

Core Insight

Kaivalya is not the 'gain' of something new, but the 'uncovering' of the soul's inherent, infinite potential that was hidden by karmic dust.