UPPCS (Pre) 2022

Cultural and Literary History of the Mughals

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Which Mughal ruler patronaged Kavindra Acharya Saraswati of Banaras, a great scholar of Sanskrit and Hindi?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: C

Concept While Shah Jahan is famously known for his architectural marvels, his reign also witnessed a flourishing of Sanskrit literature and scholarship, continuing the inclusive cultural traditions of his predecessors.

Explanation Shah Jahan patronized the 17th-century Sanskrit scholar and poet Kavindra Acharya Saraswati of Banaras. The Emperor was so impressed by his erudition in Sanskrit grammar, philosophy, and music that he bestowed upon him the title of Kavindracharya.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Kavindracharya was a prolific writer who led a delegation to Shah Jahan to successfully petition for the abolition of the pilgrimage tax at Banaras and Prayagraj.
Logic 2: Other notable scholars under Shah Jahan included Pandit Jagannath, who composed the *Ras Gangadhar*. This era saw a peak in Sanskrit-Persian intellectual exchange before the shift in policies under later rulers.

Active Recall

Question

Why did Shah Jahan abolish the pilgrimage tax at the request of Kavindra Acharya?

Answer

It was a diplomatic and cultural gesture to honor the scholar's immense learning and to maintain social harmony within the diverse empire.

Core Insight

The patronage of Kavindracharya highlights that the Mughal court remained a significant center for the development of classical Indian languages well into the mid-17th century.