[Solved] Ancient Jainism Facts: Kharavela Patronage & Sects

With reference to ancient Jainism, which one of the following statements is correct?

[UPSC CSE Prelims 2004]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

The history of Jainism is marked by its spread to Southern and Eastern India and its eventual sectarian division.

Authentic Source Evidence

The Hathigumpha inscription confirms that King Kharavela of Kalinga was a devout Jain. Bhadrabahu led the migration to South India (Karnataka), not Sthulabhadra.

Analytical Breakdown

Logic 1: Option C is correct. Kharavela's inscriptions show he was a champion of Jainism and even brought back a Jain idol taken by the Nandas.

Logic 2: Option A is incorrect; Bhadrabahu led the Southern migration. Option B is incorrect; Bhadrabahu's followers became 'Digambaras' (sky-clad). Option D is incorrect; initially, both Jainism and Buddhism were aniconic (didn't worship images).

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"Why did the Jain community split into two sects?"

The split occurred due to a famine in Magadha; one group migrated south (Digambaras), while those who stayed (Shvetambaras) adopted white robes and modified their rules.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"King Kharavela represents the peak of Jain influence in Eastern India, proving that the religion had powerful state support outside its heartland."

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