What were Sijda and Paibos?

Prostration (Sijda) and kissing the feet of the Sultan (Paibos) were Persian court etiquettes introduced by Balban to enforce subservience.

Balban's Theory of Kingship

UPSC Archival Analysis

Balban assumed the title 'Zil-e-Ilahi', which means 'Shadow of God', to assert his divine authority and strengthen the monarchy.

Exam Year

1997

Evidence Source

UPSC Level

ID: HIS_MED_1997_27 Ref: Satish Chandra, Medieval India