Mughal Political Structure

Mughal Administration Hierarchy: Pargana, Sarkar, Suba

In medieval Indian administration, the correct ascending order of units by size is Pargana (smallest), followed by Sarkar (district), and then Suba (province). This hierarchical structure helped in effective revenue collection and local governance.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class VII: Our Pasts - II

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With reference to medieval India, which one of the following is the correct sequence in ascending order in terms of size?

[UPSC CSE Pre 2021]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


Medieval Indian administration, particularly under the Mughals and Sher Shah Suri, was built on a nested hierarchy. This system allowed the central government to maintain control over vast territories through smaller, manageable units.

Authentic Source Evidence


The hierarchy starts from the smallest unit of administration. A group of villages formed a Pargana. Multiple Parganas were grouped into a Sarkar (equivalent to a modern district). Several Sarkars together constituted a Suba (a province).

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Pargana was the base unit, managed by officials like the Shiqdar and Amin. Sarkar was the middle tier, overseen by a chief Shiqdar. Suba was the highest provincial unit, governed by a Subahdar.

  • Logic 2: This ascending order (Small Medium Large) is correctly represented as Pargana Sarkar Suba.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "Who was the head of a 'Suba' and what was their role?"

    The 'Subahdar' was the provincial governor responsible for both military and judicial functions, reporting directly to the Emperor.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The Pargana-Sarkar-Suba structure was so efficient that it served as the blueprint for the British district administration system later on."

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