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Ancient Literature and Patronage

Patanjali: Contemporary of Pushyamitra Shunga

Patanjali, the author of the Mahabhashya, was a contemporary of Pushyamitra Shunga, the founder of the Shunga dynasty. His writings provide crucial evidence for Shunga military campaigns in the 2nd century BCE.

Primary Reference: Standard Educational Reference

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The writer of Mahabhashya 'Patanjali' was contemporary of-

[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


The Shunga period marked a revival of Brahmanical traditions and Sanskrit scholarship following the decline of the Mauryan Empire.

Authentic Source Evidence


Patanjali, the author of the Mahabhashya (a commentary on Panini’s grammar), lived during the 2nd century BCE. His text mentions the military victories of Pushyamitra Shunga, confirming they were contemporaries.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Pushyamitra Shunga (r. 185–149 BCE) founded the Shunga dynasty after overthrowing the last Maurya.

  • Logic 2: Patanjali is often associated with performing the Ashvamedha sacrifices for Pushyamitra.

  • Logic 3: The Mahabhashya also references contemporary events like the invasions of the Indo-Greek king Menander I.

    • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "What is the subject matter of Patanjali's Mahabhashya?"

    It is a profound commentary on Panini's Ashtadhyayi, the foundational text of Sanskrit grammar.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "Patanjali's presence at the Shunga court highlights the shift back to Sanskrit and Brahmanical rituals as the primary tools of state legitimacy after Ashoka's Buddhist era."

    Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

    Panini 4Shunga Dynasty 4Yoga Sutras 2
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