[Solved] Sarnath Buddha Bhumisparsha Mudra: Gupta Period Art

Sarnath Buddha image of Bhumisparsha Mudra belongs to-

[U.P.P.C.S. Mains 2009]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

The Gupta period (4th-6th centuries CE) is considered the 'Golden Age' of Indian art, characterized by the refinement of spiritual expression in stone.

Authentic Source Evidence

The iconic Sarnath Buddha seated in Bhumisparsha Mudra (earth-touching gesture) is carved from Chunar sandstone. It displays the classic Gupta traits: a serene facial expression, thin diaphanous drapery, and a beautifully decorated halo (prabhamandala).

Analytical Breakdown

Logic 1: Option D is correct. While the Kushana period (C) laid the foundation for Buddha images, it was the Sarnath school of the Gupta era that perfected the meditative and tranquil style of the Bhumisparsha gesture.

Logic 2: This mudra symbolizes the Buddha calling the earth to witness his enlightenment, a theme heavily emphasized in the evolved Mahayana art of the Guptas.

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"How does Gupta Buddhist art differ from Kushana art?"

Gupta art is more refined and spiritual, featuring delicate features and transparent clothing, compared to the bulkier and more robust Kushana style.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"The Sarnath Buddha image represents the transition of Buddhist art from mere representation to a profound visualization of deep internal peace (Shanti)."

Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

Chunar Sandstone 3Enlightenment 4

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