What was the difference between Kharaj and Ushr?

Kharaj was a high agricultural tax (1/3rd to 1/2) paid by non-Muslims, while Ushr was a lighter tithe (1/10th) paid by Muslim landowners.

Islamic Taxation in India

UPSC Archival Analysis

Kharaj, Ushr, and Muktai were the primary land product taxes in the Sultanate period. Khums was a tax on war booty.

Exam Year

1995

Evidence Source

UPSC Level

ID: HIS_MED_1995_199 Ref: Standard Educational Reference