The Foundational Definition of Civic Membership

The third statement is correct. A 'citizen' is defined by their full and equal membership in the political community (the state), which grants them specific rights and binds them to specific duties. The first statement is false because it describes 'residents' (which includes foreign workers or tourists who are not citizens). The second statement is false because physical birth on the soil is just one *method* of acquiring citizenship, not the definition of the concept itself.

The Assertion is true; residency/working does not equal citizenship. Reason 1 correctly supports this by providing the true academic definition: citizenship is full and equal membership in the political community, which includes exclusive rights (like voting) denied to mere residents. Reason 2 is blatantly false and describes a work visa, not citizenship.

The second classification is correct. Citizenship is defined by full and equal membership in the political state, which confers political identity, rights (like voting), and duties (like defense). While Person B contributes economically, they are legally an 'alien' (foreign resident) who is disenfranchised from the political community, proving that mere residency does not equal citizenship.

Only two characteristics are valid (Statements 1 and 2: full egalitarian participation and the reciprocal civic contract of rights/duties). Statement 3 is entirely false; transient foreign nationals and alien laborers are explicitly excluded from the definition of full political citizenship.