Demographic Scope and Structural Impotence of Duties

Only the third statement is accurate. The 42nd Amendment explicitly created a new section, Part IVA (Article 51A), to house the duties, keeping them separate from Part III. The first statement is false; Fundamental Duties are confined *exclusively* to citizens and do not extend to foreigners. The second statement is false; they are non-justiciable and are *not* automatically enforceable without secondary parliamentary legislation (like the Wildlife Act).

The Assertion is true; the duties were placed in a brand new Part IVA. Reason 1 correctly supports this: Part III is justiciable, and placing the duties there would give them automatic legal teeth the government did not want them to have. Reason 2 is completely false; Fundamental Duties apply *only* to citizens, completely excluding foreign nationals.

The first justification is accurate. Unlike certain Fundamental Rights (such as the Right to Life) which apply to all persons on Indian soil, the Fundamental Duties listed in Part IVA are confined exclusively to Indian citizens. A foreign national has no constitutional obligation under Article 51A. Furthermore, even if they were a citizen, duties are non-justiciable and not automatically enforceable without a specific parliamentary statute.

Only two characteristics are valid (Statements 2 and 4: inherent non-justiciability, and confinement to Article 51A). Statement 1 is false (they apply exclusively to citizens, not expatriates). Statement 3 is false (they were placed in Part IVA, intentionally separated from Part III).