Enforceability of Fundamental Rights

1. Evidence 1: Article 16 guarantees equal opportunity for all citizens regarding any office 'under the State'. Inference 1: Therefore, an applicant cannot use Article 16 to sue a private multinational corporation for discriminatory hiring practices.

2. Evidence 2: Recent Supreme Court jurisprudence has expanded the enforceability of Article 19 freedoms. Inference 2: Consequently, a citizen's right to assemble peacefully is now shielded even against disruptions caused by private vigilante groups.

3. Evidence 3: Fundamental Rights were originally conceived as limitations on the tyranny of the executive. Inference 3: Therefore, the Constitution absolutely forbids any Fundamental Right from ever being applied horizontally against a private individual.

1. Assertion (A): A citizen cannot constitutionally demand equal employment opportunities within a fully privatized corporate entity using Part III of the Constitution.

2. Reason (R1): Article 16 explicitly confines its guarantee of equal opportunity exclusively to matters of employment or appointment to any office under the State.

3. Reason (R2): The Supreme Court recently ruled that all Fundamental Rights, including Article 16, now have universal horizontal application across the private sector.

1. Statement 1: The client can sue the tech company under Article 16, but has no remedy against the neighbourhood association because Article 19 only applies to state police.

2. Statement 2: The client has no remedy under Article 16 against the private company, but can enforce their Article 19 right to assemble against the private neighbourhood association.

3. Statement 3: The client can successfully sue both private entities under Part III, as all Fundamental Rights are now horizontally enforceable.

1. 1. Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity strictly in cases of public employment, excluding private sector hiring.

2. 2. The constitutional right to assemble peacefully is completely unprotected if the disruption is caused by a private civilian mob rather than state authorities.

3. 3. Recent judicial interpretations have firmly established the horizontal application of Article 19 freedoms against non-state actors.