Categorization of Amendment Majorities

Statement 3 is correct. Under Article 368(2), amending Part IV (DPSP) requires a Special Majority. Statement 1 is incorrect because Citizenship is amended via a Simple Majority outside Article 368. Statement 2 is incorrect because changes to elections for Parliament/States also only require a Simple Majority, not state ratification.

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. The Constitution creates a tiered system of amendment. Provisions regarding the acquisition and termination of citizenship are deliberately placed outside the scope of Article 368, meaning Parliament can amend them with the same simple majority used for ordinary legislation.

Option 3 is correct. Bill X (amending Fundamental Rights) requires a Special Majority under Article 368, which the government lacks, so it fails. Bill Y (elections to legislatures) falls outside Article 368 and requires only a Simple Majority, which the government possesses, so it will pass.

Two statements are correct (the first and third). Both Fundamental Rights and DPSPs require a Special Majority. The second statement is the distractor; Citizenship amendments fall outside Article 368 and require only a Simple Majority.