Type 1: EVIDENCE INFERENCE

In the context of the systematic dismantling of the southern regional powers, evaluate the following evidence and subsequent inferences:

Evidence: Following a catastrophic military defeat, the rulers of the targeted state were forced to sign a devastating agreement that immediately stripped them of nearly half their sovereign territory.

Inference 1: This incredibly punitive peace agreement, known as the Treaty of Srirangapatnam, was the conclusive result of the Third Anglo-Mysore War.

Inference 2: This incredibly punitive peace agreement, known as the Treaty of Mangalore, was the conclusive result of the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

Click an option to test yourself

Detailed Solution & Context

The correct answer is A.

Core Idea

  • Treaty of Srirangapatnam was the conclusive treaty of the Third Anglo-Mysore war.
  • Under this treaty nearly half of the Mysorean territory was taken over.
  • Treaty of Mangalore ended the Second Mysore War (which was more of a stalemate, not a loss of half the territory).

Detailed Solution:

Inference 1 perfectly identifies the historical nightmare faced by Tipu Sultan. The Third Anglo-Mysore War was a disaster for him. To save his capital, he was forced to sign the Treaty of Srirangapatnam, legally signing away half his kingdom to the British and their allies.

Distractor & Trap:

Inference 2 is the classic chronological trap. The Treaty of Mangalore did end the Second War, but it was essentially a tie; both sides gave back the land they captured. It did NOT strip Mysore of half its territory. You must attach the brutal territorial loss specifically to the Third War and Srirangapatnam.
Type 2: ASSERTION REASON

Regarding the long, staggered conflict between the East India Company and the Maratha confederacy, analyze the following assertions related to diplomatic milestones:

Statement-I: The British used a series of staggered peace treaties to slowly pause, and eventually conclude, the multi-generational wars against the Maratha Empire.

Statement-II: The exhausting First Anglo-Maratha war was officially brought to a halt by the signing of the Treaty of Salbai in 1782.

Statement-III: Decades later, the Treaty of Gwalior was imposed during the Third Anglo-Maratha War to help finalize the destruction of native power.

Click an option to test yourself

Detailed Solution & Context

The correct answer is A.

Core Idea

  • First Anglo-Maratha war resulted in the Treaty of Salbai (1782).
  • Third Anglo-Maratha War involved the Treaty of Gwalior (1817).
  • These treaties marked the progression of the British conquering the Marathas.

Detailed Solution:

Both Statement-II and Statement-III are flawless historical facts. Together, they perfectly map the timeline required to prove Statement-I. The British couldn't beat the Marathas all at once. They fought a bloody draw, paused it with the Treaty of Salbai, waited 35 years to rebuild their strength, and then dropped the hammer with treaties like Gwalior during the final Third War.

Distractor & Trap:

There are no fake statements here. The trap is usually assuming all the treaties happened at once. UPSC loves to test if you know which document belongs to which decade. Salbai is the 18th century (survival). Gwalior is the 19th century (total victory).
Type 3: SCENARIO

Assume you are the chief archivist for the British War Office in 1800, tasked with filing the original treaty documents for the massive southern conflicts. Which of the following Directives ensures you do not scramble the historical record?

Directive 1: Filing the Treaty of Madras as the official diplomatic conclusion to the First Anglo-Mysore War.

Directive 2: Filing the Treaty of Mangalore as the binding peace agreement that ended the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

Directive 3: Filing the Treaty of Purandhar into the folder marked 'First Anglo-Mysore War'.

Click an option to test yourself

Detailed Solution & Context

The correct answer is A.

Core Idea

  • First Anglo-Mysore war ended by the Treaty of Madras.
  • Second Anglo-Mysore war ended by the Treaty of Mangalore.
  • Treaty of Purandhar (1776) was signed with the Maratha Empire, NOT Mysore.

Detailed Solution:

Directives 1 and 2 are perfectly accurate. The timeline of Mysore is strict: First War = Madras. Second War = Mangalore. Following this sequence guarantees your historical records are completely flawless.

Distractor & Trap:

Directive 3 is a massive entity swap. The Treaty of Purandhar has absolutely nothing to do with the wars in Mysore against Haider Ali. Purandhar was signed with the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. Filing a Maratha treaty into a Mysore war folder is a fatal exam error.
Type 4: HOW MANY

Consider the following pairings related to the conclusion of the most devastating colonial wars in India. How many of the following pairs are correctly matched?

Statement 1: First Anglo-Maratha War : Treaty of Salbai

Statement 2: Second Anglo-Mysore War : Treaty of Srirangapatnam

Statement 3: Second Anglo-Maratha War : Treaty of Gwalior

Click an option to test yourself

Detailed Solution & Context

The correct answer is A.

Core Idea

  • First Anglo-Maratha war = Treaty of Salbai.
  • Second Anglo-Mysore War = Treaty of Mangalore (NOT Srirangapatnam).
  • Third Anglo-Maratha War = Treaty of Gwalior (NOT Second).

Detailed Solution:

Statement 1 is the only correct match on the board. The Treaty of Salbai is universally recognized as the document that finally dragged the exhausting First Anglo-Maratha War to a close in 1782.

Distractor & Trap:

Statements 2 and 3 are deliberate 'off-by-one' errors. The Treaty of Srirangapatnam ended the Third Mysore war, not the Second (Mangalore ended the second). The Treaty of Gwalior was signed during the Third Maratha war, not the Second. Examiners love to shift the numbers by a single digit to catch you guessing.

🚨 The Examiner's Trap (Entity Swap)

The Bait: Crisscrossing the treaties among the numbered wars (e.g., assigning Srirangapatnam to the Second Mysore war, or Purandhar to the First Mysore war).

The Reality: Salbai = 1st Maratha. Madras = 1st Mysore. Mangalore = 2nd Mysore. Srirangapatnam = 3rd Mysore. Gwalior = 3rd Maratha.

⚡ Deck Revision (1/3)

Concept Flow Mapping

First Anglo-Maratha war
resulted in
Treaty of Salbai
First Anglo-Mysore War
ended by
Treaty of Madras
Third Anglo-Mysore war
ended by
Treaty of Srirangapatnam

Logic Quest

"Why is it crucial to distinguish between the Treaty of Mangalore and the Treaty of Srirangapatnam in the context of Mysore's history?"

The Treaty of Mangalore ended the Second War in a relative stalemate, while the Treaty of Srirangapatnam ended the Third War with a devastating defeat, stripping Mysore of half its territory.

Topic Clusters

Anglo-Maratha TreatiesAnglo-Mysore Treaties

Not practicing core concepts like The Legal Architecture of Military Subjugation using the latest UPSC exam pattern is a serious miss-out that can drastically reduce your chances of clearing Prelims. This interactive engine is specifically designed to help you master highly probable Modern Indian History questions across all emerging analytical formats: Type 1 (Evidence-Inference), Type 2 (Assertion-Reason), Type 3 (Scenario-Based), and the dreaded Type 4 (Multi-Statement "How Many").