Official UPSC Format

Which of the following international conventions have not been ratified by India?
1. Employment Policy Convention
2. Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
3. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
4. Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
5. Convention on Reduction of Statelessness
Select the answer using the code given below:

1. Employment Policy Convention

2. Abolition of Forced Labour Convention

3. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

4. Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War

5. Convention on Reduction of Statelessness

⚡ Quick Recall Snippet

India ratified the Employment Policy Convention and the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention. However, the Indian government has not ratified the Convention on Reduction of Statelessness.

Lock your answer to view explanation

Detailed Solution & Authority Citations

Correct Answer is Option D
To solve this question, we must analyze India's official stance on international treaties as recorded in authentic multilateral databases.
  • ILO Conventions: According to the official ILO NORMLEX database, India is a strong proponent of fundamental labor rights. It ratified the Employment Policy Convention (1964) in 1998 and the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (1957) in 2000.

  • Human Rights & Migrant Workers: As per the United Nations Treaty Collection (UNTC), India has not signed or ratified the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (1990).

  • Wartime Protections: Under the domestic framework of the Geneva Conventions Act, 1960, India ratified the Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1949) as early as 1950.

  • Statelessness: Consistently prioritizing sovereign border policy, India has not signed or ratified the Convention on Reduction of Statelessness (1961).
    • Conclusion: Statements 3 and 5 represent conventions unratified by India. Because the options lacked a perfect "3 and 5" choice, Option D (3, 4, and 5) was the only one available via elimination that included both. Notably, the UPSC officially withdrew this question in its provisional key due to this discrepancy.

    🚨 The Examiner's Trap

    The examiner mixes fundamental ILO conventions (which India has ratified) with niche UN conventions regarding refugees and statelessness (which India historically avoids) to test the candidate's grasp of India's diplomatic red lines.

    Active Recall Flashcard

    Tap to Flip

    Has India ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention or the 1961 Convention on Reduction of Statelessness?

    No, India is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, the 1954 Convention on Statelessness, or the 1961 Convention on Reduction of Statelessness.

    Concept Flow Mapping

    India
    Ratified
    Employment Policy Convention
    India
    Ratified
    Geneva Convention 1949
    India
    Did Not Ratify
    Statelessness Convention 1961

    Logic Quest

    "Why does India selectively ratify international conventions?"

    Not analyzing core concepts like India's Multilateral Treaty Engagements through the lens of Previous Year Questions is a serious miss-out. This PYQ engine is specifically designed to help you decode the examiner's mindset and master highly probable International Relations questions for your upcoming Prelims.